The difference in energy in a substance between electron orbitals in which the electrons are not free to move (the valence band) and orbitals in which they are relatively free and will carry a current (the conduction band).

Chemical activity in living cells that allows them to grow, multiply, and do their daily tasks.

The chemistry of biochemical reactions. Biochemical reactions refer to chemical activities in living cells that allows them to grow, multiply, and do their daily tasks.

Particles being biologically compatible by not producing a toxic, injurious, or immunological response in living tissue.

The application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine.

Mimicking biological systems.

A chemical compound found in living organisms. They are composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules are the building blocks of life that perform important functions in the living organisms. There are several types of biomolecules but the most well known are the proteins and the DNA.

The four blood types (A, B, AB, and O) are differentiated on the basis of the proteins present in each of them. If certain proteins are missing from the blood, or if the wrong proteins are present, health problems may arise, such as haemophilia (blood does not clot properly, and cuts do not heal).

Α colorless gas, dangerously reactive and a valuable reagent in organic synthesis. It is used in the refining of aluminium, magnesium, zinc, and copper alloys to remove nitrides, carbides, and oxides from molten metal.